Types of Training 

In-Service Training 

• Used to introduce new practices.
• Usually conducted at the service site.
• Usually provided as group-based training.
• Difficult to offer adequate clinical experience for group-based training.
• Should not be used to institutionalize practices that become the standard of care for service delivery.

On-the-Job Training 

• Focuses on the learner at her/his practice site.
• Ensures that learning takes place under real conditions.
• Particularly effective for PAC training.
• Average time to accomplish clinical competency is four weeks (with client caseload or 4-6 clients/month).

Pre-Service Training 

• Offered in institutions of basic professional training (e.g. nursing, midwifery, medicine, clinical officers, auxiliary workers, and tutor/teacher’s training institutions).
• Finance and labor-intensive investments.
• The process has impact on:
  • Entrance requirements;
  • Completion requirements;
  • Licensing requirements;
  • Deployment policies; and
  • Service delivery sites.
• Satisfying the MVA clinical practice needs may be very difficult.